bolt grades and kips to foot pound conversions
 

bolt grades and kips to foot pound conversions
hi, i have two questions. first off what grades are a307, a325, and a490 bolts? second what is the formula to convert kips to foot pounds? i appreciate your time and information. thanks, cory
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working with us units can be quite confusing if you haven't been brough up with them, which includes just about everyone outside the us and liberia! here are a few key conversion factors.
mass/length
1 lb/ft = 1.488 kg/m
1 lb/yd = 0.4961 kg/m
mass/area
1 lb/ft2 = 4.882 kg/m2
force
1 kip = 4.448 kn
moment
1 kip-in = 0.113 knm
stress
1 kip/in2 = 6.895 mpa
modulus
1 in3 = 16387 mm3
second moment of area
1 in4 = 416231 mm4
a307 is basic carbon steel with an allowable tensile stress of 20 ksi.
a325 is a high strength heavy hex structural bolt with an allowable tensile stress of 44 ksi and has 3 different types (type 1, type 2 and type 3).
a490 is a heat treated heavy hex structural bolt with an allowable tensile stress of 54 ksi.
i think the question was (badly phrased) how to convert torque (ft.lbs) into preload (kips) ...
here are a couple links from yahoo "torque preload" ...
see